《利益攸关skin in the game》

约 3 800 年前，《汉谟拉比法典》就向我们传达出一条人类进化的法则——在人与人的交往中建立对称关系，以防止有人转嫁隐藏的“尾部风险”。古往今来，人类的任何一条法律、任何一项教谕，也都是基于“对称性”原则的，但实际上，非对称风险也一直存在于人类历史之中。她提出，人们在面对非对称风险和外部压力时，只有践行“风险共担”的原则，才能做出正确的决策，以应对现实世界中的不确定性。

《非对称风险》本书共包含四个主题：不确定性以及知识的可靠性；人类事务的对称性原则，包括公平、正义、责任感、相互性；交易中的信息共享；复杂系统中以及在现实世界中的理性。书中的内容可谓是包罗万象：主观动机分析、二手车买卖、道德伦理、契约理论、学术界以及现实世界的学习、康德法则、政府权力、风险科学、知识分子与现实世界的互动、政府责任、社会正义、期权理论、基本人权、狗屎的供应商、神学

风险共担，应对现实世界中的不确定性

Skin in the Game:Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life

From the New York Times bestselling author of The Black Swan, a bold new work that challenges many of our long-held beliefs about risk and reward, politics and religion, finance and personal responsibility

In his most provocative and practical book yet, one of the foremost thinkers of our time redefines what it means to understand the world, succeed in a profession, contribute to a fair and just society, detect nonsense, and influence others. Citing examples ranging from Hammurabi to Seneca, Antaeus the Giant to Donald Trump, Nassim Nicholas Taleb shows how the willingness to accept one’s own risks is an essential attribute of heroes, saints, and flourishing people in all walks of life.

As always both accessible and iconoclastic, Taleb challenges long-held beliefs about the values of those who spearhead military interventions, make financial investments, and propagate religious faiths. Among his insights:

• For social justice, focus on symmetry and risk sharing. You cannot make profits and transfer the risks to others, as bankers and large corporations do. You cannot get rich without owning your own risk and paying for your own losses. Forcing skin in the game corrects this asymmetry better than thousands of laws and regulations.

• Ethical rules aren’t universal. You’re part of a group larger than you, but it’s still smaller than humanity in general.

• Minorities, not majorities, run the world. The world is not run by consensus but by stubborn minorities imposing their tastes and ethics on others.

• You can be an intellectual yet still be an idiot. “Educated philistines” have been wrong on everything from Stalinism to Iraq to low-carb diets.

• Beware of complicated solutions (that someone was paid to find). A simple barbell can build muscle better than expensive new machines.

• True religion is commitment, not just faith. How much you believe in something is manifested only by what you’re willing to risk for it.

The phrase “skin in the game” is one we have often heard but rarely stopped to truly dissect. It is the backbone of risk management, but it’s also an astonishingly complex worldview that, as Taleb shows in this book, applies to all aspects of our lives.